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Latest Publications
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Trends in the Transport Sector. 1970-2008
How have the passenger and freight transport sectors
evolved in recent years? And what about road safety?
This publication presents the most up-to-date
statistics on transport markets in International
Transport Forum countries for the period 1970-2008,
including charts to highlight the major trends
This brochure provides the reader with first-hand figures on key transport trends.
Data are also provided on air and maritime transport as well as on investment and maintenance expenditures
undertaken in the transport sector..
88 pages; OECD, Paris, June 2010
€25.00 ; $35.00; £22.00 ; ¥3 200
ISBN 978-92-821-0271-8
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Transport Outlook 2010. The Potential for Innovation
Growing population, increasing urbanisation and higher incomes will boost demand for transport and put great pressure on transport systems around the globe.
This is one of the key findings of Transport Outlook 2010
According to research by the ITF/OECD’s Joint Transport Research Centre, the current crisis has had a relatively greater impact on trade
and transport than previous economic downturns. This is reflected in very large volume and price effects, especially in freight transport.
For the management of future greenhouse gas emissions from transport, the analysis strongly suggests that technologies to improve fuel
economy and ultimately transform the energy basis of transport are the key.
28 pages; ITF, Paris, May 2010
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Key Transport Statistics 2009
Published earlier than comparable studies,
these statistics provide the most recent figures on selected
transport variables in the Forum countries and they throw
light on transport activities during 2009.
This edition covers the impact of the global
economic crisis on freight transport in ITF countries.
It also contains 2009 data for national and international
rail freight transport, passenger transport by rail, national
and international road freight transport, road traffic, brand-new
vehicle registrations, road fuel deliveries, road fatalities,
national and international freight transport by inland
waterways as well as statistics on countries' imports and
imports in euros..
4 pages; ITF, Paris, May 2010
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Reducing Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Trends and Data. 2010
This report provides a brief update of greenhouse gas emission trends from the transport sector
and discusses the outcome of the United Nations Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention
on Climate Change held in December 2009 in Copenhagen. It is based on material collected for the OECD-ITF
Joint Transport Research Committee's Working Group report on GHG emission reduction strategies which will
be released later in 2010.
The report besides providing data on Co2 emissions of ITF Member Countries also includes data on certain non-ITF economies.
94 pages; ITF, Paris, May 2010
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Improving Reliability on Surface Transport Networks
Passengers and freight shippers alike want reliable transport services. Surprisingly, little research has been
undertaken in incorporating reliability into the assessment of transport projects despite the increasing importance
of scheduling in economic activities.
This report provides policy makers with a framework to understand reliability issues, to
incorporate reliability into project assessment and to design reliability management policies.
It also explores a range of reliability performance measures. Case studies across OECD and ITF countries provide examples
of several core policy tools that can be used to deliver more reliable networks in a cost-effective manner.
The report makes significant progress in identifying appropriate methodology for incorporating reliability into policy and
project evaluation, as well as exploring the pitfalls that need to be avoided.
Summary Document
164 pages; OECD, Paris, May 2010
€50.00 ; $67.00; £42.00 ; ¥6 200
ISBN 978-92-821-0241-1 |
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The Future for Interurban Passenger Transport: Bringing citizens Closer Together.
18th International ITF/OECD Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy
Economic growth, trade and the concentration of population in large cities will intensify demand
for interurban transport services. Concurrently, the need to manage environmental impacts effectively
will increase. How successful we are in coping with demand will depend on our ability to innovate,
to manage congestion, and to improve the quality of transport services. Technological and regulatory
innovation will shape the future of transport.
These conference proceedings bring together ideas from leading transport researchers from around the world related to the future for
interurban passenger transport A first set of papers investigates what drives demand for interurban passenger
transport and infers how it may evolve in the future. The remaining papers investigate transport policy
issues that emerge as key challenges: when to invest in high-speed rail, how to regulate to ensure efficient
operation, how to assign infrastructure to different types of users, and how to control transport’s environmental
footprint by managing modal split and improving modal performance.
556 pages; OECD, Paris, May 2010
€140 ; $196 ; £126 ; ¥18.200
ISBN 978-92-821-0265-7 |
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Effective Transport Policies for Corporate Mobility Management
Many companies and other large employers have put in place initiatives to address the
traffic-related nuisances generated by their activities and, in particular, the traffic
generated by their workers and customers
Such Corporate Mobility Management (CMM) initiatives are the focus of this report which investigates success factors in individual
best practice cases at the company level as well as the roles, if any, public
authorities can play in facilitating the uptake of CMM
The report provides guidance to governments on effective strategies for addressing and mitigating the traffic generated
by commuter and customer travel.
108 pages; OECD, Paris, April 2010
€35.00 ; $47.00; £29.00 ; ¥4 300
ISBN 978-92-821-0249-7 |
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Integration and Competition between Transport and Logistics Businesses. Round Table 146
Some very large multinational transport and logistics firms have emerged to provide
integrated transport services to shippers in the globalised economy. Do these firms escape
regulatory oversight from national competition authorities because of their sheer scale?
Do they pose additional threats to competition when they merge with or acquire other
companies in the supply chain?
The Round Table brought competition experts together with researchers on maritime
shipping, rail freight and logistics to identify critical competition issues and
appropriate regulatory responses. An examination of the strategies of transport and
logistics companies reveals that vertical integration can yield efficiencies but
usually reflects a need to improve the use of expensive fixed assets rather than
control all parts of the supply chain. This usually explains why shipping lines acquire
terminal operators. Horizontal acquisitions, where similar companies serving the same
market merge, are more likely to raise competition concerns. Problems are particularly
prone to arise at bottleneck infrastructure facilities.
The Round Table report provides an economic framework for examining competition in
global transport and logistics businesses, it discusses the adequacy of the remedies
available to regulators when competition is threatened and explores the role of
competition authorities and Transport Ministries in ensuring markets are efficient.
Summary and Conclusions
184 pages; OECD, Paris, March 2010
€65 ; $91 ; £58 ; ¥6.400
ISBN 978-92-821-0259-6 |
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Highlights of the International Transport Forum 2009
Transport for a Global Economy: Challenges and Opportunities in the Downturn
The International Transport Forum 2009 took place at a very difficult time, with finances
drying up, companies failing, supply chains weakened, and protectionism on the increase.
There are real fears that the transport sector will be seriously damaged by this sudden
and profound downturn, with important implications for economies and societies. One
certainty is that transport is more important than it has ever been - in business, in the
lives of citizens and in the world economy.
The transport sector is at the heart of globalisation. At the same time it is clear that
the crisis does not alter fundamental challenges, particularly for transport to be more
sustainable and show more concrete results in the lead up to and after the December 2009
UN limate Change Conference in Copenhagen. This publication condenses the main findings
of workshops and round tables bringing together leading figure from politics, industry,
research and civil society on key questions linking transport, economic recovery, global
trade flows and sustainable development.
110 pages; OECD, Paris, December 2009
Free -- also available in
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Road Safety: Recommendations from Ministers
This CD-ROM contains the Recommendations and Resolutions adopted by Ministers of ECMT
(predecessor of ITF) countries over a period of 30 years. It also contains two reports
used as a basis for Ministerial discussions on the adoption and on the mid-term review
of the target of reducing road fatalities by 50% in Europe by 2012.
The transport sector is at the heart of globalisation. At the same time it is clear that
the crisis does not alter fundamental challenges, particularly for transport to be more
sustainable and show more concrete results in the lead up to and after the December 2009
UN limate Change Conference in Copenhagen. This publication condenses the main findings
of workshops and round tables bringing together leading figure from politics, industry,
research and civil society on key questions linking transport, economic recovery, global
trade flows and sustainable development.
CD-ROM; November 2009
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Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail. Round Table 145
How should airports be regulated to contain market power? This report first examines whether
they need to be regulated at all. It concluded that because regulation is inevitably
imperfect and costly, policy makers should establish conditions for competition to emerge
between airports in preference to comprehensive regulation, whenever possible.
Economic regulation is sometimes necessary, such as when airports are heavily congested. The
report determines which approaches are likely to work best and also assesses strategies for
managing greenhouse gas emissions. It finds that although including aviation in an open
emission trading scheme could help mitigate emissions efficiently across the economy, it
should not be expected to produce major cuts in CO2 emissions in aviation itself.
Finally the report identifies the economic conditions under which high-speed rail can
provide a competitive substitute for aviation, revealing the limited relevance of rail to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions from this part of the transport market.
Summary and Conclusions
208 pages; OECD, Paris, November 2009
€70 ; $94 ; £59 ; ¥8.700
ISBN 978-92-821-0245-9 |
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Port Competition and Hinterland Connections. Round Table 143
This Round Table discusses the policy and regulatory challenges posed by the rapidly changing
port environment.
The sector has changed tremendously in recent decades with technological and organisational
innovation and a powerful expansion of trade. Although ports serve hinterlands that now run
deep into continents, competition among ports is increasingly intense and their bargaining
power in the supply chain has consequently weakened. Integration of supply-chain operations
on a global scale has greatly increased productivity but raises issues of both competition
and sustainability.
Concentration among shipping lines and terminal operators may generate market power.
National competition authorities have the power to address this but might not fully
appreciate the international dimension. Greater port throughput meets with decreasing
resistance from local communities because of pollution and congestion. In addition, local
regulation is warranted but made difficult by the distribution of bargaining power among
stakeholders. Higher-level authorities could develop more effective policies.
Summary and Conclusions
176 pages; OECD, Paris, July 2009
€52 ; $69.60; £44 ; ¥6480
ISBN 978-92-821-0224-4 |
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Illustrated Glossary for Transport Statistics
The present fourth edition is the result of continuing valuable cooperation between three
organisations (Eurostat, UNECE and ITF), that - through the action of the Intersecretariat
Working Group (IWG Trans.) - have put a sustained effort into meeting the need to harmonise
transport statistics at the international level.
The Glossary now comprises 735 definitions and represents a point of reference for all those
involved in transport statistics. By following the guidance contained within these definitions,
a considerable contribution will be given to the
improvement in both the quality and
comparability of the data.
183 pages; Eurostat/UNECE/ITF, July 2009
Electronic version available - Paperback to be published shortly
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Trends in the Transport Sector 1970-2007
How have the passenger and freight transport
sectors evolved in recent years? And what about road safety?
This publication presents the most up-to-date statistics on
transport markets in International Transport Forum countries for
the period 1970-2007, including charts to highlight the major trends.
Published earlier than comparable studies, this brochure provides
the reader with first-hand figures on key transport trends. Data are provided
on air and maritime transport as well
as on investment and maintenance expenditures undertaken in the
transport sector.
All the data is available free as
tables
80 pages; OECD, Paris, June 2009
€25 ; $33; £21 ; ¥3 100
ISBN 978-92-821-0159-9 |
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Truck Parking Areas 2009
This brochure presents the list of truck parking areas in 44 countries, on the Euro-Asian
Continent, with their addresses, phone and fax numbers, access to the parking area, tariffs
and facilities available.
144 pages; IRU/ITF, May 2009
Multilingual: English, French, German, Russian
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Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-Based Security Policy. Round Table 144
Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks.
The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for
transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make
to improving security.
The analysis covers the impact of uncertainty in assessing security policies and on the cost
effectiveness of security measures in aviation and maritime shipping. Much can be criticised in
current policies, which are often seen as unduly expensive and inadequately assessed. This Round
Table identifies methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their
effectiveness, and examines techniques to allocate resources to targeting the highest risks.
Applying these techniques would achieve better levels of security with current resources.
Summary
and Conclusions
150 pages; OECD, Paris, May 2009
€50 ; $67; £42 ; ¥6200
ISBN 978-92-821-0231-2 |
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Intermodal Transport. National Peer Review: Turkey
Turkey is growing fast, owing mainly to rapidly increasing trade. In order to facilitate
this trade, efficient logistics and transport services are crucial. Yet Turkey is at an
early stage in developing sophisticated and modern logistic services and at present is too
dependent on road transport. This book argues that Turkey's continuing economic expansion
depends on the diversification of its transport modes and especially on the development
of efficient multimodal services.
Turkey's role as a hub for Europe, Asia, and the Middle East and as a facilitator of global
exchange will be enhanced with a strategy and measures to support a range of intermodal
logistic and transport services. This work analyses the current situation and sets forth
some of the actions and policies needed to stimulate the development of a truly
multimodal transport system.
Summary Document --
also available in
Turkish
168 pages; OECD, Paris, April 2009
€50 ; $67; £42 ; ¥6200
ISBN 978-92-821-0222-0 |
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Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health and Transport.
This is one of the first publications to deal with international transport policy issues
related to cognitive impairment and mental health. It aims to help those who plan, design
and run transport systems and infrastructure to understand and find practical solutions to
these issues for the benefit of the travelling public as a whole.
29 pages; OECD, Paris, January 2009
€17 ; $24; £13 ; ¥2500
ISBN 978-92-821-0216-9 |
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Charges for the Use of Rail Infrastructure 2008.
Over the last few years, much progress has been made in developing rail charges to ensure
non-discriminatory access to, and efficient use of national rail networks in Europe.
This report updates the ECMT report "Railway Reform and Charges for the Use of Infrastructure"
published in 2005.
62 pages; +
Excel Table; Paris, December 2008
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The Cost and Effectiveness of Policies to Reduce Vehicle Emissions.
Round Table 142
Transport sector policies already contribute to moderating greenhouse gas emissions
from road vehicles. They are increasingly designed to contribute overall societal
targets to mitigate climate change. While abatement costs in transport are relatively high,
there are plausible arguments in favour of further abatement in this sector.
Fuel taxes are a good instrument. Fuel economy standards are potentially justified
because of the limited performance of markets in terms of improving fuel economy.
The empirical basis to decide upon combinations of fuel economy standards and fuel taxes, however, remain weak.
This Round Table investigates the effectiveness and costs of various mitigation options in road transport,
and discusses the distribution of abatement efforts across sectors of the economy.
Summary and Conclusions
180 pages; OECD, Paris, January 2009
€65 ; $92; £50 ; ¥9 700
ISBN 978-92-821-0212-1 |
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Highlights of the
International Transport Forum 2008
Transport and Energy: The Challenge of Climate
Change
The transport sector is a significant contributor to Greenhouse Gas
Emissions in most countries, representing 23% (worldwide) and 30%
(OECD) of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in 2005.
Automobile transport is the principal CO2 emitter, but other transport
modes also impact global warming - sometimes significantly as in
case of aviation and maritime transport. Growth in transport
sector emissions has typically mirrored growth in economic wealth
and has kept pace with or even surpassed growth of emissions from the
energy sector. Because of this, it is likely that most countries will
have to include the transport sector in achieving future greenhouse
gas emissions reductions.
A defining milestone in these discussions, the International
Transport
Forum 2008 gathered over 800 policy-makers, researchers and industry
stakeholders in Leipzig for a cycle of roundtables on cost-effective
technology and policy instruments required to improve energy efficiency
and curb carbon emissions across transport modes. This publication
condenses the main findings of these roundtables and provides access
to research work carried out by the Forum in such areas as biofuels,
ecodriving, the impact of high energy prices and the effectiveness
of fuel efficiency policies.
72 pages; OECD, Paris, November 2008
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Privatisation and
Regulation of Urban Transit Systems.
Round Table 141
Urban public transport services generally run at a large deficit. This has led
public authorities to seek efficiencies, notably through private sector
involvement. Private entry is complicated by the essential network
characteristics of public transport, with parts of the network potentially
profitable and others perennially unprofitable.
Support for the sector traditionally seeks to provide basic mobility services
to all segments of society, including low-income users. Intervention is also
required to manage the natural tendency towards concentration and market power
in the provision of these transport services. Policy towards urban public
transport is increasingly aimed at managing congestion on the roads and mitigating
CO2 emissions by substituting for travel by car. The sprawl of cities complicates
the regulatory environment as responsibilities tend to be split among different
institutional levels.
Achieving coherent transport networks that are efficient and financially
sustainable is a challenge for any public authority. This Round Table examines
experience in integrating private management and capital with public transport
policy objectives in a number of developed economies. For network operators,
the Round Table concludes that innovation is the key to surviving the rapidly
changing policy and regulatory environment.
152 pages; OECD, Paris, October 2008
€50 ; $77; £39 ; ¥8 000
ISBN 978-92-821-0199-5 |
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Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe
System Approach
Each year around 1.2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured on
roads around the world. But crashes are largely preventable and much can
be done to reduce the burden of pain they cause and their economic impact.
Many countries have set targets to reduce the number of
casualties on their roads.
Are these countries on track to meet their targets? What can be done in the
immediate and longer term to achieve these targets? Is there a limit to traditional
approaches to road safety?
This report takes stock of recent developments and initiatives to meet increasingly
ambitious road safety targets. It highlights the management changes required in
many countries to implement effective interventions. It emphasises a strong focus
on results and examines the economic case for road safety investment. It challenges
the better performing countries to do more and strongly recommends the adoption of
a Safe System approach with a long-term vision of no
fatalities on the roads.
Summary Document also available in
Spanish
Russian Version
242 pages; OECD, Paris, October 2008
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Benefiting from Globalisation. Transport Sector Contribution
and Policy Challenges
17th International ITF/OECD Symposium on Transport
Economics and Policy
Transport is at the heart of globalisation, indeed the term would be
meaningless without the ability to move goods and people around the planet.
The opportunities for individuals and businesses to benefit from
globalisation are increased by efficient, cost-effective transport networks.
A competitive, responsive, well-organised transport sector facilitates trade,
but creating the conditions for this poses policy challenges that must be tackled
if transport is to contribute fully to globalisation.
This was the theme of the 17th ITF/OECD Symposium. The discussions were
organised around five sub-themes, drawing on 17 introductory reports covering
fields ranging from "data and trends" to issues relating to "transport
policy and regional integration".
Over 300 experts participated in the Symposium and contributed to the discussions.
This publication includes all of the introductory reports and a
summary of these discussions.
450 pages; OECD, Paris, September 2008
€130 ; $200; £101 ; ¥20 800
ISBN 978-92-821-0168-1 |
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The Wider Economic Benefits of Transport
Macro-, Meso- and Micro-Economic Transport Planning and Investment Tools
Round Table 140
The standard cost-benefit analysis of transport infrastructure investment
projects weighs a project's costs against users' benefits. This approach
has been challenged on the grounds that it ignores wider economic impacts
of such projects. Since there is empirical evidence that these effects
can be substantial, relying on the standard approach potentially produces
misleading results.
At the International Transport Forum Round Table, leading academics and
practitioners addressed these concerns and examined a range of potential
approaches for evaluating wider impacts - negative as well as positive.
They concluded that for smaller projects, it is better to focus on
timely availability of results, even if this means forgoing
sophisticated analysis of wider impacts. For larger projects or
investment programs, customized analysis of these effects is more
easily justifiable. Creating consistent appraisal procedures is a
research priority.
Summary and Conclusions
208 pages; OECD, Paris, July 2008
€75 ; $116 ; £54 ; ¥10.400
ISBN 978-92-821-0160-5 |
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Trends in the Transport Sector 1970-2006
How have the passenger and freight transport
sectors evolved in recent years? And what about road safety?
This publication presents the most up-to-date statistics on
transport markets in International Transport Forum countries for
the period 1970-2006, including charts to highlight the major trends.
Published earlier than comparable studies, this brochure provides
the reader with first-hand figures on key transport trends. For the
first time, data are provided on air and maritime transport as well
as on investment and maintenance expenditures undertaken in the
transport sector.
All the data is available free as
tables
77 pages; OECD, Paris, June 2008
€24 ; $37; £17 ; ¥3 300
ISBN 978-92-821-1263-2 |
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Transport Outlook 2008: Focusing on CO2
Emissions from Road Vehicles
Discussion Paper 2008-13
This short outlook is designed to test the potential for key policy instruments
for mitigating emissions from road transport, and particularly from light duty vehicles,
the largest source of CO2 emissions from transport. It also examines uncertainties
in the baseline scenario for the development of Co2 emissions from the sector.
Paris, May 2008
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Key Transport Statistics 2007
Published earlier than comparable studies,
these statistics provide the most recent figures on selected
transport variables in the Forum countries and they throw
light on transport activities during 2007.
This leaflet contains 2007 data for national and international
rail freight transport, passenger transport by rail, national
and international road freight transport, road traffic, brand-new
vehicle registrations, road fuel deliveries, road fatalities,
national and international freight transport by inland
waterways as well as statistics on countries' imports and
imports in euros.
Paris, May 2008
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Oil Dependence: Is Transport Running Out of
Affordable Fuel? Round Table 139
Oil consumption is increasingly concentrated in transport, and
relatively limited fluctuations in transport demand can have increasingly
significant effects on oil prices. Oil prices rose to all time highs at the
beginning of 2008, exceeding $100 a barrel for the first time since the 1979
oil crisis. The underlying driver was demand for oil from rapidly developing
economies and especially China, where transport accounts for the largest part
of oil consumption.
OPEC market power is increasing as production of conventional oil outside OPEC
has reached a plateau. Oil from tar sands in Canada and elsewhere is available
in very large quantities, and is competitive at sustained prices above $40 a
barrel. But processing such oil doubles CO2 emissions on a well-to-wheels basis
compared to using conventional oil to fuel transport.
This Round Table assesses the policy instruments available to address oil
security and climate change and examines their interaction with measures to
manage congestion and mitigate local air pollution. A number of
incompatibilities and trade-offs are identified underlining the importance
of integrated policy-making.
This report includes an examination of the factors that drive oil prices
in the short and long term and a discussion of the outlook for oil supply.
Summary and Conclusions
210 pages; OECD, Paris, May 2008
€75 ; $116 ; £54 ; ¥10.400
ISBN 978-92-821-0121-6 |
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Long-life Surfaces for Busy Roads
Long-life surfaces could substantially cut the costs
of road works, including the delays they cause, especially on
congested routes with heavy traffic. These surfaces use new materials
that cost more than conventional asphalt and require special handling.
This report presents the results of collaborative research to
evaluate the technical and economic potential of the most
promising long-life surfaces and assist governments in weighing
up the risks and advantages of introducing them on busy roads.
Summary Document
186 pages; OECD, Paris, May 2008
€60.00 ; $78.00; £43.00 ; ¥8 300
ISBN 978-92-821-0158-2 |
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Biofuels: Linking Support to Performance. Round
Table 138
Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies on OECD
Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of
climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between
support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels
do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol
and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of
greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and
diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of
biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in
OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation
biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels.
This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in
determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of
greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels
and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also
reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for
biofuels - an essential tool for tying support to achievement in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be
expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the development of
biofuels crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of
recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to
contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
Summary and Conclusions
224 pages; OECD, Paris, March 2008
€75 ; $105 ; £54 ; ¥10 400
ISBN 978-92-821-0179-7 |
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Workshop on Ecodriving. Paris, 22-23 November 2007
Workshop Findings and Messages for Policy Makers
The Workshop on Ecodriving provided a valuable
opportunity to review current experience around the world in
implementing and promoting ecodriving. The Workshop, organized
by the International Transport Forum, the International Energy
Agency, the Dutch Ministry of Transport and Water Management
and the ECODRIVEN platform, brought together around 100
ecodriving experts, policy makers, researchers and stakeholders
to discuss recent developments in the field from Europe, the
United States, Canada, Japan, and South America. It reviewed
some of the successful practice in integrating ecodriving into
national policies.
The two day meeting explored national strategies, policies to
promote ecodriving in different modes, communication campaigns
and partnership programs as well as issues of measuring,
monitoring and evaluating ecodriving initiatives. Workshop
presentations and conclusions are available at the IEA and
the International Transport Forum websites.
6 pages; March 2008
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Transport Infrastructure Investment. Options for
Efficiency
Surface transport plays a fundamental role in nearly all social and
economic activity. Providing and maintaining the infrastructure
consumes enormous resources. Thus, it is essential that this be
carried out in the most efficient and effective way possible.
Many options are available to provide surface transport infrastructure -
public ministries and agencies, public-private partnerships (PPPs),
state-owned companies, private and non-profit entities, and outright
privatisation. There are also various means of paying for it, including
user charging, subsidies, public borrowing or private financing.
This report examines key principles that should be considered by
governments in deciding how to provide and pay for surface transport
infrastructure, with a view to best serving societies' needs and
employing public resources. It also considers the key issues that must
be resolved in making more use of private financing and expertise.
Summary Document
236 pages; OECD, Paris, February 2008
€75 ; $97 ; £54 ; ¥10 400
ISBN 978-92-821-0155-1 |
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