The JTRC Discussion Paper Series makes economic research commissioned or carried out at the Joint Transport Research Centre available to researchers and practitioners. The aim is to contribute to the understanding of the transport sector and to provide inputs to transport policy design. The Discussion Papers are not edited by the JTRC and they reflect the author's opinions alone.

• The ‘Grand Paris’ Project: Tools and Challenges
  André DE PALMA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, France
  Discussion Paper No 2011-28, October 2011
  
• The evolution of London’s Crossrail Scheme and the development of the Department for Transport’s economic appraisal methods
  Tom WORSLEY, Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, United Kingdom
  Discussion Paper No 2011-27, October 2011
  
• Accident Cost, Speed and Vehicle Mass Externalities, and Insurance
  Lars HULTKRANTZ Orebro University, Sweden & Gunnar LINDBERG VTI and Centre for Transport Studies, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2011-26, October 2011
  
• Road Safety and Insurance Markets Overview
  Andrew FRONSKO Transport Accident Commission, Australia
  Discussion Paper No 2011-25, October 2011
  
• Road Safety - the Experience of the Transport Accident Commission in Victoria, Australia
  Samantha COCKFIELD Transport Accident Commission, Australia
  Discussion Paper No 2011-24, October 2011
  
• Pay-as-you-Drive Vehicle Insurance as a Tool to Reduce Crash Risk: Results so far and further potential
  Jan Willem BOLDERDIJK & Linda STEG University of Groningen, The Netherlands
  Discussion Paper No 2011-23, October 2011
  
• A Framework for Assessing the Marginal External Accident Cost of Road Use and its Implications for Insurance Ratemaking
  Lasse FRIDSTRØM Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norway
  Discussion Paper No 2011-22, October 2011
  
• Public Acceptability of Sustainable Transport Measures: A Review of the Literature
  Alison PRIDMORE & Apollonia MIOLA, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability
  Discussion Paper No 2011-20, May 2011
• Equitable Access: Remote and Rural Communities 'Transport Needs'
  Peter WHITE, University of Westminster, London, UK
  Discussion Paper No 2011-19, May 2011
• Key Mobility Challenges in Indian Cities
  Geetam TIWARI, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
  Discussion Paper No 2011-18, May 2011
• State Roles in Providing Affordable Mass Transport Services for Low-Income Residents
  Robert CERVERO, University of California Berkeley, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2011-17, May 2011
• What Does Improved Fuel Economy Cost Consumers and What Does it Cost Taxpayers? Some illustrations
  Kurt VAN DENDER and Philippe CRIST, International Transport Forum
  Discussion Paper No 2011-16, April 2011
• Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies in Mexico
  Víctor ISLAS RIVERA et al. Instituto Mexicano del Transporte, Sanfandila, Queretaro, Mexico
  Discussion Paper No 2011-14, April 2011
• Air Transport Services in Remote Regions
  Svein Braathen, Molde University College, Norway
  Discussion Paper No 2011-13, April 2011
• Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies in China
  Prof. Haixiao PAN , Tongji University, Shanghai, China
  Discussion Paper No 2011-12, May 2011
• Gender and Transport
  Chantal DUCHENE, ChD Mobilité Transport, France
  Discussion Paper No 2011-11, April 2011
  
• Meeting Society’s Transport Needs under Tight Budgets
  International Transport Forum
  Discussion Paper No 2011-10, April 2011
• Economic Perspectives on Transport And Equality
  David LEWIS, HDR Corporation
  Discussion Paper No 2011-9, April 2011
• A Delicate Balance: Mobility and Access Needs, Expectations and Costs
  David METZ, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, UK.
  Discussion Paper No 2011-07, April 2011
• Perspectives from Mexico to Achieve More with Less: Alternative Transport Modes and their Social and Environmental Benefits
  Adriana LOBO, CTS Mexico
  Discussion Paper No 2011-06, April 2011
• Mobility: Rights, Obligations and Equity in an Ageing Society
  Ann FRYE, Ann Frye Ltd., UK
  Discussion Paper No 2011-05, April 2011
• Cart or Horse: Transport and Economic Growth
  Tim LEUNIG, London School of Economics, UK.
  Discussion Paper No 2011-04, April 2011
• Better Economic Regulation: The Role of the Regulator
  Round Table 2-3 December 2010, Paris. Summary of Discussions
  Discussion Paper No 2011-03, April 2011
  
• Green Growth and Transport
  Stephen PERKINS
  Discussion Paper No 2011-02, March 2011
• Improving the Practice of Cost Benefit Analysis in Transport
  Round Table 21-22 October 2010, Queretaro, Mexico. Summary and Conclusions.
  Discussion Paper No 2011-01, November 2010
  
• Electric Vehicles: A Tentative Economic and Environmental Evaluation
  Rémy PRUD’HOMME, Professor (emeritus), University Paris 12
  Discussion Paper No 2010-22, November 2010
• Effective Regulatory Institutions: The Regulator's Role in the Policy Process, Including Issues of Regulatory Independence
  Tom WINSOR, Transport & Infrastructure, White & Case LLP, London
  Discussion Paper No 2010-21, November 2010
  
• Effective Regulatory Institutions for Air Transport: A European Perspective
  Hans-Martin NIEMEIER, University of Applied Sciences, Bremen
  Discussion Paper No 2010-20, October 2010
• Transport Regulation from Theory to Practice: Observations and a Case Study
  Marco PONTI, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
  Discussion Paper No 2010-19, October 2010
  
• The Practice of Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Transport Sector: A Mexican Perspective
  Vladimir RAMIREZ SOBERANIS, Unidad de Inversiones, Mexico
  Discussion Paper No 2010-18, October 2010
  
• The Practice of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Transport: The Case of France
  Emile QUINET, Ecole des Ponts Paris Tech, France
  Discussion Paper No 2010-17, October 2010
  
• Cost-Benefit Analysis in Transport: A UK Perspective
  Peter MACKIE, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK
  Discussion Paper No 2010-16, October 2010
  
• Transport Outlook 2010. The Potential for Innovation
  Discussion Paper No 2010-15, May 2010
  
• What Sustainable Road Transport Future? Trends and Policy Options
  Stef PROOST, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
  Kurt VAN DENDER, International Transport Forum
  Discussion Paper No 2010-14, September 2010
• Stimulating Low-Carbon Vehicle Technologies
  Round Table 18-19 February 2010. Summary and Conclusions.
  Discussion Paper No 2010-13, May 2010
• Implementing Congestion Charging
  Round Table 4-5 February 2010. Summary and Conclusions.
  Discussion Paper No 2010-12, April 2010
• The Future for Interurban Passenger Transport: Bringing Citizens Closer Together. 18th International Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy: Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2010-11, March 2010
  
• Innovation in Truck Technologies
  Jorgen CHRISTENSEN, Klaus Peter GLAESER, Terry SHELTON, Barry MOORE & Loes AARTS
  Discussion Paper No 2010-10, March 2010
• The Demand for and the Supply of Fuel Efficiency in Models of Industrial Organisation
  Johannes VAN BIESEBROECK, K.U. Leuven, Belgium and NBER and CEPR
  Discussion Paper No 2010-09, January 2010
• The Impact of Economic Instruments on the Auto Industry and the Consequences of Fragmenting Markets - Focus on the EU Case
  Luc BASTARD, Renault and CCFA, France
  Discussion Paper No 2010-08, February 2010
• Combinations of Instruments to Achieve Low-Carbon Vehicle-Miles
  Don FULLERTON and Danile H. KARNEY, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2010-07, March 2010
• Why the New Market for New Passenger Cars Generally Undervalues Fuel Economy
  David GREENE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Transportation Research Center, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2010-06, January 2010
• Revisiting the Cost of the Stockholm Congestion Charging System
  Carl HAMILTON, Centre for Transport Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2010-05, January 2010
• So you’re considering introducing congestion charging? Here’s what you need to know: An FAQ based on Stockholm’s experiences
  Jonas ELIASSON, Centre for Transport Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2010-04, January 2010
• Critical Success Factors for Implementing Road Charging Systems
  Bernhard OEHRY, Rapp Trans AG, Base, Switzerland
  Discussion Paper No 2010-03, January 2010
• Road pricing with complication
  Mogens FOSGERAU, DTU Transport, Denmark & Centre for Transport Studies, Sweden and Kurt VAN DENDER, OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre
  Discussion Paper No 2010-02, January 2010
• Implementing Congestion Charging: The Singapore experience: The evolution of technologies, costs and benefits, and lessons learnt
  Kian-Keong CHIN, Land Transport Authority, Singapore
  Discussion Paper No 2010-01, January 2010
• Estimating the Agglomeration Benefits of Transport Investments: Some Tests for Stability
  Daniel J. GRAHAM, Imperial College London and Kurt Van DENDER, Joint Transport Research Centre of the OECD and the International Transport Forum
  Discussion Paper No 2009-32, December 2009
• Does SEA change outcomes?
  Maria R.PARTIDARIO, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) Portugal
  Discussion Paper No 2009-31, December 2009
• The Contribution of Strategic Environmental Assessment to Transport Policy Governance
  Rodrigo Jiliberto HERRERA, TAU Consultora Ambiental, Madrid, Spain
  Discussion Paper No 2009-30, December 2009
• The economics of CO2 emissions trading for aviation
  Dr. Peter MORRELL, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
  Discussion Paper No 2009-29, December 2009
• Environmental aspects of inter-city passenger transport
  Per KAGESON, Nature Associates, Stockholm, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2009-28, December 2009
• Potential economic impacts of technological and organizational innovations in intermodal access to major passenger terminals
  Francisco J. TAPIADOR, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain and Jordi Martí-Henneberg, Universidad de Lleida, Spain
  Discussion Paper No 2009-27, December 2009
• The Informed and Oriented Transport System User
  Peter ZIMMERMANN, Management Consultant, Munich, Germany
  Discussion Paper No 2009-26, December 2009
• Dedicated lanes, tolls and ITS technology
  Robin LINDSEY, University of Alberta, Canada
  Discussion Paper No 2009-25, December 2009
• When should we provide separate auto and truck roadways?
  Robert W. POOLE, Reason Foundation, Los Angeles, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2009-24, December 2009
• Competition for Long Distance Passenger Rail Services: The Emerging Evidence
  John PRESTON, University Southampton, UK
  Discussion Paper No 2009-23, December 2009
• Long-distance Passenger Rail Services in Europe: Market Access Models and Implications for Germany
  Thorsten BECKERS & Christian von HIRSCHHAUSEN , Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
  Fabian HAUNERLAND, & Matthias WALTER, Dresden University of Technology, Germany
  Discussion Paper No 2009-22, December 2009
• Long-Distance Bus Services in Europe: Concessions or Free Market?
  Didier VAN DE VELDE, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
  Discussion Paper No 2009-21, December 2009
  
  
• Lessons from the U.S. Transport Deregulation Experience for Privatization
  Clifford WINSTON, Brookings Institution, Washington DC, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2009-20, December 2009
• Competition or Co-operation in Public Transport
  Botond ABA, KTI, Budapest, Hungary
  Discussion Paper No 2009-19, December 2009
• Interurban Passenger Transport: Economic Assessment of Major Infrastructure Projects
  Ginés DE RUS , University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and University Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
  Discussion Paper No 2009-18, December 2009
• High-Speed Inter-City Transport System in Japan -Past, Present and the Future
  Katsuhiro YAMAGUCHI and Kiyoshi YAMASAKI, University of Tokyo, Japan
  Discussion Paper No 2009-17, December 2009
• When to Invest in High-Speed Rail Links and Networks?
  Chris NASH, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
  Discussion Paper No 2009-16, December 2009
• International Air Passenger Transport in the Future
  David GILLEN, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
  Discussion Paper No 2009-15, December 2009
• The Prospects for Inter-Urban Travel Demand
  Yves CROZET, Laboratoire d'économie des transports, Lyon, France
  Discussion Paper No 2009-14, December 2009
• How Transport Costs Shape the Spatial Pattern of Economic Activity
  Jacques-François THISSE, CORE, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium and Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris
  Discussion Paper No 2009-13, December 2009
• Transport Outlook 2009: Globalisation, Crisis and Transport
  Discussion Paper No 2009-12, May 2009 (Preliminary version)
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential from International Shipping
  Philippe CRIST, Joint Transport Research Centre of the OECD and the International Transport Forum
  Discussion Paper No 2009-11, May 2009
• Regulation of Large Airports: Status Quo and Options for Reform
  Hans-Martin NIEMEIER, University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
  Discussion Paper No 2009-10, May 2009
• Policy Instruments to Limit Negative Environmental Impacts from Increased International Transport: An Economic Perspective
  Kurt VAN DENDER and Philippe CRIST, Joint Transport Research Centre of the OECD and the International Transport Forum
  Discussion Paper No 2009-9, May 2009
• Integration and Competition between Transport and Logistics Businesses
  Round Table, 5-6 February 2009, Paris. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2009-8, June 2009
• Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail
  Round Table, 2-3 October 2008, Paris. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2009-7, October 2009
• Security, Risk Perception and Cost-Benefit Analysis
  Round Table, 11-12 December 2008, Paris. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2009-6, March 2009
• Railway and Ports Organization in the Republic of South Africa and Turkey: The Integrator's Paradise?
  Louis S. THOMPSON, Thompson, Galenson and Associates, Saratoga, CA, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2009-5, February 2009
• Are Horizontal Mergers and Vertical Integration a Problem
  Simon PILSBURY, Managing Consultant, Oxera, Brussels and
  Andrew MEANEY, Managing Consultant, Oxera, London
  Discussion Paper No 2009-4, February 2009
• Market Power and Vertical and Horizontal Integration in the Maritime Shipping and Port Industry
  Eddy VAN DE VOORDE and Thierry VANELSLANDER, Department of Transport and Regional Economics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
  Discussion Paper No 2009-2, January 2009
  
• Empirical Evidence for Integration and Disintegration of Maritime Shipping, Port and Logistics Activities
  Antoine FREMONT, Director of Research at INRETS, Noisy-le-Grand, France
  Discussion Paper No 2009-1, January 2009
  
  
  
• Toward Risk-Based Aviation Security Policy
  Robert W. POOLE, Jr., Reason Foundation, Los Angeles, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2008-23, November 2008
  
• Economic Impact Analysis of Terrorism Events: Recent Methodological Advances and Findings
  Peter GORDON, James E. MOORE and Harry W. RICHARDSON, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis for Terrorist Events (CREATE), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2008-22, November 2008
  
• Rational Behaviour, Risk Aversion - High Stakes for Society
  André de PALMA, ENS Cachan, Dept of Economics & Management/Ecole polytechnique, France
  Discussion Paper No 2008-21, December 2008
  
• Security and Risk-Based Models in Shipping and Ports: Review and Critical Analysis
  Khalid BICHOU, Centre for Transport Studies, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
  Discussion Paper No 2008-20, December 2008
• Port Competition and Hinterland Connections
  Round Table, 10-11 April 2008, Paris. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2008-19, September 2008
• The Impact of Climate Change Policy on Competition in the Air Transport Industry
  Peter FORSYTH, Department of Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
  Discussion Paper No 2008-18, September 2008
• Impacts of Airports on Airline Competition: Focus on Airport Performance and Airport-Airline Vertical Relations
  Tae H. OUM, Air Transport Research Society and University of British Columbia, Canada
  Xiaowen FU, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
  Discussion Paper No 2008-17, September 2008
  
• The Economic Effects of High Speed Rail Investment
  Ginés DE RUS, University of Las Palmas, Spain
  Discussion Paper No 2008-16, revised October 2008
  
• The Airport Industry in a Competitive Environment: A United Kingdom Perspective
  David STARKIE, Economics-Plus Ltd, London, United Kingdom
  Discussion Paper No 2008-15, July 2008
  
• The Role of Accessibility in Passengers' Choice of Airports
  Marco KOUWENHOVEN, Significance, The Hague, Netherlands
  Discussion Paper No 2008-14, August 2008
  
• Transport Outlook 2008: Focusing on CO2 Emissions from Road Vehicles
  Discussion Paper No 2008-13, May 2008
• Responding to Increasing Port-related Freight Volumes: Lessons from Los Angeles / Long Beach and Other US Ports and Hinterlands
  Genevieve GIULANO, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
  Thomas O'BRIEN, California State University, Long Beach, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2008-12, March 2008
• Ensuring Hinterland Access: The Role of Port Authorities
  Peter W. DE LANGEN, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Port of Rotterdam Authority, Netherlands
  Discussion Paper No 2008-11, March 2008
• The relationship between seaports and the intermodal hinterland in light of global supply chains. European challenges
  Theo NOTTEBOOM, ITMMA, University of Antwerp, Belgium
  Discussion Paper No 2008-10, March 2008
• The Cost and Effectiveness of Policies to Reduce Vehicle Emissions
  Round Table, 31 January-1 February 2008, Paris. Summary and conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2008-9, April 2008
• The Impact of Hinterland Access Conditions on Rivalry between Ports
  Anming ZHANG, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
  Discussion Paper No 2008-8, February 2008
• Biofuels: Linking Support to Performance
  Round Table, 7-8 June 2007, Paris. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2008-7, February 2008
  
• The Wider Economic Benefits of Transport: Macro-, Meso and Micro Transport Planning and Investment Tools
  Round Table, 25-26 October 2007, Boston. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2008-6, February 2008
  
• Oil Dependence: Is Transport Running Out of Affordable Fuel?
  Round Table, 15-16 November 2007. Summary and Conclusions
  Discussion Paper No 2008-5, February 2008
  
• Importance of Oil Price in Freight Transport Costs
  Tristan CHEVROULET, University of California, Berkeley, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2008-4, January 2008
  
• Full Account of the Costs and Benefits of Reducing CO2 Emissions in Transport
  Stef PROOST, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
  Discussion Paper No 2008-3, January 2008
• The Design of Effective Regulation in Transport
  Winston HARRINGTON, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2008-2, January 2008
• How Should Transport Emissions Be Reduced? Potential for Emission Trading Systems
  Charles RAUX, LET - Transport Economics Laboratory, France
  Discussion Paper No 2008-1, January 2008
• Medium-term Oil Market Uncertainties
  Lawrence Eagles, International Energy Agency, Paris, France
  Discussion Paper No 2007-19, December 2007
• Reserve driven forecasts for oil, gas and coal and limits in carbon dioxide emissions; Peak Oil, Peak Gas, Peak Coal and Peak CO2
  Kjell ALEKLETT, Uppsala University, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2007-18, December 2007
• Peak Oil and the Evolving Strategies of Oil Importing and Exporting Countries: Facing the hard truth about an import decline for the OECD Countries
  Kjell ALEKLETT, Uppsala University, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2007-17, December 2007
• Long Run Trends in Transport Demand, Fuel Price Elasticities and Implications of the Oil Outlook for Transport Policy
  Kenneth A. SMALL, University of California, Irvine, USA and Kurt VAN DENDER, OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre, France
  Discussion Paper No 2007-16, December 2007
• Future Prices and Availability of Transport Fuels
  David L. GREENE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-15, December 2007
• Progress and Challenges in the Application of Economic Analysis for Transport Policy and Decision Making
  Glen WEISBROD, Brian ALSTADT, Economic Development Research Group, Inc. Boston, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-14, December 2007
• Economic Benefits of Investment in Transport Infrastructure
  Jeffrey P. COHEN, University of Hartford, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-13, December 2007
• Transport Infrastructure Inside and Across Urban Regions: Models and Assessment Methods
  Börje JOHANSSON, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
  Discussion Paper No 2007-12, December 2007
• Agglomeration Economies and Transport Investment
  Daniel J. GRAHAM, Imperial College, University of London, UK
  Discussion Paper No 2007-11, December 2007
• The Broader Benefits of Transportation Infrastructure
  Ian SUE WING, William P. ANDERSON, T.R. LAKSHMANAN, Boston University, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-10, December 2007
• Recent Evolution of Research into the Future Wider Economic Benefits of Transport Infrastructure Investments
  Roger VICKERMAN, Centre for European, Regional and Transport Economics, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
  Discussion Paper No 2007-9, December 2007
• The Wider Economic Benefits of Transportation: An Overview
  T.R. LAKSHMANAN, Boston University, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-8, December 2007
• The Environmental Certification of Biofuels
  Jeremy WOODS and Rocio DIAZ-CHAVEZ, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
  Discussion Paper No 2007-6, December 2007
• The Performance of Brazilian Biofuels: An Economic, Environmental and Social Analysis
  Edmar Fagundes DE ALMEIDA, Jose Vitor BOMTEMPO and Carla Maria DE SOUZA E SILVA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  Discussion Paper No 2007-5, December 2007
• Sustainable Biofuels for the Transport Sector
  Birgitte AHRING, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
  Discussion Paper No 2007-4, December 2007
• Sustainable Subsidies the Distorted Economics of Biofuels
  Ronald STEENBLIK, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Geneva
  Discussion Paper No 2007-3, December 2007
• Energy and Greenhouse Impacts of Biofuels: A Framework for Analysis
  Daniel KAMMEN, Alexander Farrell, Richard PLEVIN, Andrew JONES, University of California, Berkeley; Mark DELUCCHI, University of California, Davis; Gregory NEMET, University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-2, December 2007
• Examining Fuel Economy and Carbon Standards for Light Vehicles
  Steven E. PLOTKIN, Argonne National Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
  Discussion Paper No 2007-1, December 2007